RDE536 MMO1388 - Considerations of Nature Based Solutions in Marine Licensin

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are defined as "actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural and modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people and nature"

(IUCN). The UK government has ambition to harness nature-based solutions, which are seen as critical to achieving net zero domestically (Defra, 2023). Applying NBS in marine and coastal environments offers an opportunity to deliver "improved environmental health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and a more Page 6 of 27

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sustainable blue economy" (O'Leary et al, 2023).

The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 provides that a marine licence is required for certain activities carried out within the UK marine area up to 200 nautical miles out to sea. These activities include construction (including laying of cables, maintenance, alteration or improvement of existing structures and assets); dredging; deposit of any substance or object; removal of any substance or object; incineration of any substance or object; scuttling (sinking) of any vessel or floating container; and use of explosives.